Poema: "Fingiendo Realidades"

con sombra vana,
delante del Deseo
va la Esperanza.
Y sus mentiras
como el Fénix renacen
de sus cenizas.

                                                                   Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer.

AUTHORS Y YOU ACT OF THE POETRY OF THE ROMANTICISM:

Jose de Espronceda (1808-1842)

Poet and revolutionary Spanish, was one of the biggest romantic, and his life integrates the moral revolt and the politics.

The student of Salamanca, included in the Poetry, fuses dramatic and narrative poetry, and is precursor del Don Juan Tenorio de Zorrilla, which incorporates elements of the Gothic English novel. Jail, love, crime, pain and death also appear in the incomplete one The Devil World, of 1840, one extensive poem which protagonist is a witness of exception of all the tragedies and the human destinations.

Espronceda also Sancho Saldaña wrote the historical novel, appeared in 1834, the fantastic statement The leg of stick, of 1835, the satire The shepherd Clasiquino, of 1835, and many articles and dramatic works, which the critique considers to be disappointing. Nevertheless, some of his poetry, since mentioned and different more, continue being valued by his sincerity and pace and it is not considered to be a demerit that they are inspired, both in topics and in paces, in the best romantic European poets.

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836-1870)

Spanish poet. It is one of the most important figures of the romanticism and his Heaps they supposed the point of item of the modern Spanish poetry.

Valeriano was born in Seville, son of a painter and brother of other one. Also he itself practised the painting, but, after it was able only an orphan and to move to Madrid, in 1854, left her to devote itself exclusively to the literature. It did not manage be successful and lived in the poverty, collaborating in newspapers of few category. Later he wrote in more important others, where it published gossip columns, some of his Legends and the tests authors of novels of manners Cartas from my cell. It obtained a post very well full, in 1864, of official controller of novels. About 1867 he wrote his famous Heaps and it was preparing them for his publication, but with the Revolution of 1868 the manuscript got lost and the poet had to prepare other one, partly of memory. His marriage, with the daughter of a doctor, gave him three children, but But it fell apart in 1868. Bécquer, which from 1858 was suffering from a serious disease, probably tubercular or venereal, moved to Toledo, to house of his brother Valeriano. This one died in September, 1870 and the poet on December 22, at the age of thirty four.

PRINCIPAL FORMAL INNOVATIONS OF THE ROMANTIC POETRY

In the versification:

They combine great quantity of strophes and of verses of different measures: a few times prosper former metric schemes with new strophes and great variety of unpublished paces or in disuse (the romance recovers and with him the verse octosillabe, the syllable, the eighth royal one and the strophes of minor art); other times, forms take strophic and verses of the foreign poetry (the Alexandrine Frenchman, the heptasyllabic with sharp and proparoxytone finals...).

They lavish the heap galore, especially the consonantal one.

In the style:
The language cold and subject to procedure of the 18th century turns in exceeded and very expressive.
The lexicon fills with words that denote nostalgia, melancholy, desperation, death, impossible love... and the adjectives us transmit the rich color of the exotic countries and the dark places where the mental condition of the poet is reflected.

The Freedom

The zeal to live without procedure that determine the conduct of the individual causes the appearance of histories led by prominent figures who live to the margin of the law and of the company (bandits, pirates ...). They represent the freedom longed by the romantic writers.

The Death

This one is an element that he receives very much felt in the Romanticism, since the hero does not hesitate to die for real manages to make his desires and ambitions: freedom, love...

This feeling penetrates in occasions the fiction of the works and gets hold of the own life of the author taking him to the suicide.

The Evasion

The romantic author flees of his space and present time and shelters in the distant and remote one.

The flight in the space the ride to exotic oriental and northern countries, where it recreates his color and magnificence. The evasion in the time leads it, without any historical interest, to the recovery of mysteries, legends and values of the remote medieval epoch and of the collection of ballads.

The Nature

For the romantic writer, the landscape is a projection of his feelings. It turns into a companion with the one that communicates.

Of there that prefer the lugubrious, free and rural environments that are in agreement with his interior world: ruins of medieval castles, dark forests, cemeteries...